tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13638255858386935932024-03-05T09:26:20.632-08:00PopulationRyan Cooperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05691924626107992008noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1363825585838693593.post-27608371502599763982010-10-03T16:25:00.000-07:002010-10-03T17:40:51.778-07:00Key issue # 4: Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Answer: </span></b><br />
The rate at which global population grew during the second half of the 20th century was unprecedented in history. This was due to a dramatic decline in the death rate. Scientists believe that the current rate of natural increase must be further reduced to prevent overpopulation.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;"><b>Summary:</b></span><br />
Geographers observe that diverse conditions and environmental conditions may produce different answers in different places.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Malthus on Overpopulation:</span></b><br />
He was one of the first to argue that the population is growing faster than the food supply, leading to a starvation pandemic. He thought that resources grew linear while population grew exponentially. His theory was proven incorrect because he never predicted that new technology would allow us to maintain a food supply that would sustain a growing population. Julian Simon believed that the human mind was the ultimate resource. Esther Boserup thought that population growth spurs technological innovations and that poverty is not caused by population growth.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Declining Birth Rates:</span></b><br />
Even though the human population has grown at it's most rapid rate ever, world food production has consistently grown at a faster rate. the NIR declines due to lower birth rates or hight death rates. One way to lower the birth rate would be to improve local economic conditions. Another way would be to emphasize the importance of modern contraceptive methods.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQnwt4ynQJl3ZIZEc5CrAedOSZbvYBNsAgyY6EBGgVrdoAZPElqlYlO7FKIZM5oVYoU5K0vU-7KhuOpXX8cSDauAbcWO2pVvESsE5fOdMjHeeXj2sSvsbZbC6V0yBM_d91Mvrjh4KpTw/s1600/family+planning.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQnwt4ynQJl3ZIZEc5CrAedOSZbvYBNsAgyY6EBGgVrdoAZPElqlYlO7FKIZM5oVYoU5K0vU-7KhuOpXX8cSDauAbcWO2pVvESsE5fOdMjHeeXj2sSvsbZbC6V0yBM_d91Mvrjh4KpTw/s400/family+planning.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Family Planning</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">World Health Threats:</span></b><br />
Medical researchers have identified an <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">epidemiological transition</span> that focuses on distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. This term comes from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">epidemiology</span>, which is the branch of medical sciences concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases. A <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">pandemic</span> is a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very large proportion of the population.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg57rSMMuF3lplvu5LZzIjldxzHE5ny2yVH-Qzw4EKp72G7pLiuIG-5rd4JW7RWtQI-3jcsnBe7-HIWs5V-rTjzZyyT2Z5AJ_hEpTZv5sTCH-P5xkrFRnpoRqcHx6WU5K97NlIdAOpu9zQ/s1600/world_aids_2001_map485.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg57rSMMuF3lplvu5LZzIjldxzHE5ny2yVH-Qzw4EKp72G7pLiuIG-5rd4JW7RWtQI-3jcsnBe7-HIWs5V-rTjzZyyT2Z5AJ_hEpTZv5sTCH-P5xkrFRnpoRqcHx6WU5K97NlIdAOpu9zQ/s400/world_aids_2001_map485.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HIV/AIDS<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"><br />
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</tbody></table><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Video: </span></b><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM0ZkpwSCvY&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM0ZkpwSCvY&feature=related</a><br />
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This video shows how Japan's overwhelming population has forced them to make use of every inch of land they have. For example, they are building very tall buildings right next to each other to save space. They will need to make more changes if they want to avoid overpopulation. Many women are already using family planning and contraceptives. This means that they will be able to reduce the number of children they have. </div>Ryan Cooperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05691924626107992008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1363825585838693593.post-44472443666600866372010-10-03T16:13:00.000-07:002010-10-03T18:07:19.413-07:00Key issue # 3: Why is population increasing at different rates in different countries?<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Answer:</span></b><br />
A country moves from high birth rates and death rates, with little population growth, to low birth rates and death rates, with low population growth. During this process, the total population increases dramatically because the death rates decline before the birth rate does. The MDC's have slower growth rates while the LDC's have a period of rapid population growth.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Summary:</span></b><br />
All countries have experienced some changes in NI, fertility, and mortality rates, but at different times and at different rates. A similar process of change in a society's population is occurring known as the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Demographic Transition.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdP63HJX4BcnWlvY5r8dr9ufBtv9ZmEgjBiuCxkLofaVs9iQCB79lPbc43tgqWwvLTOoUcnoM1eseGGBR8shk-dKmdrAOJv5R0E3XMSAAJPYXs-qWJqPEWx9BSxac8jGUJUrB8K0Z-Sus/s1600/dem+trans.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdP63HJX4BcnWlvY5r8dr9ufBtv9ZmEgjBiuCxkLofaVs9iQCB79lPbc43tgqWwvLTOoUcnoM1eseGGBR8shk-dKmdrAOJv5R0E3XMSAAJPYXs-qWJqPEWx9BSxac8jGUJUrB8K0Z-Sus/s400/dem+trans.gif" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;"><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Demographic Transition:</span></b><br />
This process has several stages, and every country falls into one of them.<br />
-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Stage 1:</span> Low Growth: There are very high birth rates and death rates. The burst of population in 8,000 b.c was caused by the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">agricultural revolution</span>, which was the time when humans first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.<br />
-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Stage 2:</span> High Growth: There are rapidly declining death rates combined with very high birth rates. This produces a very high NI. Countries entered stage 2 after 1750 due to the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Industrial Revolution</span>, which led to a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. Also, the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Medical Revolution</span> in the 20th century pushed many countries into stage 2. Medical technology spread to the poorer countries and helped eliminate the traditional causes of death.<br />
-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Stage 3:</span> Moderate Growth: Birth rates rapidly decline, death rates continue to decline, and NIR begins to slow.<br />
-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Stage 4: </span>Low Growth: There are very low birth/death rates, no longterm NI, and possibly a decrease. In this stage the CBR= CDR, and the NIR reaches zero. This condition is known as <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">zero population growth.</span><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Population Pyramids:</span></b><br />
Population in a country is influenced by the Demographic transition in two ways- the percent age of the population in each age group and the distribution of males and females. This info can be displayed on a bar graph called a <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">population pyramid</span>. The shape is mainly determined by the CBR. The most important factor of age distribution is the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">dependency ratio</span>, which is the number of people who are too young to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. The number of males to females in the population is the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">sex ratio</span>. In general, slightly more males are born than females.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivqvTPnkIDeTyJu9Zs9rJVhiP6IdmGgSvQVS8k9jP3YiCuf-zbMn5f0k7UfXCAnRCFTuC4dKF_JJAxsFF44RHvuPMG9UeNlGteOtth9vwJDLvk14yiE0EWjXoJPMz0HuTJApVRXY5OSa0/s1600/population_pyramid4.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivqvTPnkIDeTyJu9Zs9rJVhiP6IdmGgSvQVS8k9jP3YiCuf-zbMn5f0k7UfXCAnRCFTuC4dKF_JJAxsFF44RHvuPMG9UeNlGteOtth9vwJDLvk14yiE0EWjXoJPMz0HuTJApVRXY5OSa0/s400/population_pyramid4.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Countries in the Different stages of the Demographic Transition:</span></b><br />
Countries display different population characteristics depending on their stage in the demographic transition. There are no countries today that remain in stage 1.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Demographic Transition and the World Population Growth:</span></b><br />
There are many countries in stage 2 or stage 3 of the demographic transition. These countries have a rapid population growth and only a few of them are likely to reach stage 4 in the near future.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Article:</span></b><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population</a><br />
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In this article, it explains that MDC's have better technology and health standards, therefore they are able to control their population. But in may LDC's in Africa, they are unaware of the consequences and they do not have the same beliefs. For example, in the MDC's there are medicines and vaccines to treat illnesses and viruses. However, in LDC, they do not yet have the technology to produce these preventatives. These are a couple of the reasons explained in the article that affect population rates. Ryan Cooperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05691924626107992008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1363825585838693593.post-1280013053007384722010-10-03T15:51:00.000-07:002010-10-03T17:59:51.100-07:00Key Issue # 2: Where has the world's population increased?<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Answer:</span></b><br />
Almost all of the world's natural increase is concentrated in the relatively poor countries.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Summary:</span></b><br />
Population increases rapidly in places where many more people are born than die. It increases slowly in places where the number of births exceeds the number of deaths. It declines when the number of deaths outnumbers births.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zxHZ1EGA5HJPB43YOUj4VWbKbpWUkoLxtHfJfl5A_iR5z8mYTgLy8Qkr495q088_MMpaqpywhfnZ1j9bmtgEVg3hah89qtlJReX4YTZXk7x2uo2Y1WC9380jv6gY22OHkSLbfxgF7UI/s1600/population+growth.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zxHZ1EGA5HJPB43YOUj4VWbKbpWUkoLxtHfJfl5A_iR5z8mYTgLy8Qkr495q088_MMpaqpywhfnZ1j9bmtgEVg3hah89qtlJReX4YTZXk7x2uo2Y1WC9380jv6gY22OHkSLbfxgF7UI/s400/population+growth.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Natural Increase:</span></b><br />
Geographers measure population change as a whole through crude birth rate, and natural increase rate. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Crude birth rate</span> is the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Crude death rate</span> is the number of deaths in a year for every 1,00 people alive. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Natural increase rate</span> is the percent by which a population grows in a year. Very small changes in the NIR dramatically affect the size of the population. The rate of NI affects the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">doubling time</span>, which is the number of years needed to double a population with a constant rate of NI.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPaC_H7OQWy3eYwkr7X6etQTX6rM_yJRu38JHzjZswQ63gjHsM4LO2SgyDQ3-9UsNJpkoBX98wLJCYpJTJbxob6mjxM3YO4tjsGowXMXJ4SMPcHUI-wyqMSlNl7zIj54WUal1UY7igUy4/s320/crude+birth.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crude Birth Rate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTIEJZm1kQNwqs9bddoM4n7d6cPNr2j3F1ovJVqR0iB4M86mMlbxA3b-4muQp1d3wfRzukjZIMEPFt_gw911z079Gyoa16qQ87UqwoX5WdYTiGppyZvddhDAuqTOS8rbJIP9MDN3jTgUk/s1600/death+rate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTIEJZm1kQNwqs9bddoM4n7d6cPNr2j3F1ovJVqR0iB4M86mMlbxA3b-4muQp1d3wfRzukjZIMEPFt_gw911z079Gyoa16qQ87UqwoX5WdYTiGppyZvddhDAuqTOS8rbJIP9MDN3jTgUk/s320/death+rate.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crude Death Rate</td></tr>
</tbody></table><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Fertility:</span></b><br />
Geographers also use the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">total fertility rate</span> to measure the number of births in a society. The TFR is the average number of children a women will have. The TFR for the world is 2.7. In LDC's, it may exceed 6 while in MDC's, it may be 2 or less.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Mortality:</span></b><br />
Two measures of mortality in addition to the CDR include the infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">infant mortality rate </span>is the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared to the total live births. Poorer countries have higher rates while wealthier countries have the lowest rates. In general, the IMR reflects a country's health-care system. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Life expectancy</span> at birth measures the average number of years a newborn can expect to live. NI, CBR, TFR, IMR, and LE all follow similar patterns. MDC's have lower rates of NI, CBR, TFR, IMR, and a higher life expectancy. LDC's have higher NI, CBR, TFR, IMR, and a lower life expectancy.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Article:</span></b><br />
<a href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Human_population_explosion">http://www.eoearth.org/article/Human_population_explosion</a><br />
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This article explains through many charts and graphics that the world population is increasing in less developed countries more than in more developed countries. Most LDC's are in stage 2 of the demographic transition, therefore they have rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates. This leads to a ripidly growing population in these regions.Ryan Cooperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05691924626107992008noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1363825585838693593.post-39573495917113055652010-10-03T15:30:00.000-07:002010-10-03T17:54:19.781-07:00Key issue # 1: Where is the worlds population distributed?<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Answer:</span></b><br />
Global population is concentrated in a few places. Humans avoid area that are too wet, too dry, too cold, or too mountainous. The capacity of Earth to support a much larger population depends heavily on peoples ability to use sparsely settled lands more effectively.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Summary:</span></b><br />
Humans are not distributed evenly across Earth's surface. Geographers identify regions where population is clustered and where it is sparse, or spread out.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Population Concentrations:</span></b><br />
Two-thirds of the world population is clustered in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Western Europe. This data can be displayed on a cartogram, which depicts the size of countries based population rather than land area. The four regions have some similarities that may explain why so many people live there. Most of these areas have easy access to an ocean or water supply, fertile soil, and a temperate climate.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqri2Ky680qMQXDCyXCKJshQXjMagTMcB74qNMFT9eeSzVAe3t3IcEClfAfto5VpXeJ7-rj75KnQfygSK-UNRBjNsmMlIq2h8Isht7E5HabF7rll6CEfYQ-ozVpWDv92RMKDBalUY6O4/s1600/cartogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqri2Ky680qMQXDCyXCKJshQXjMagTMcB74qNMFT9eeSzVAe3t3IcEClfAfto5VpXeJ7-rj75KnQfygSK-UNRBjNsmMlIq2h8Isht7E5HabF7rll6CEfYQ-ozVpWDv92RMKDBalUY6O4/s400/cartogram.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Sparsely Populated regions:</span></b><br />
Humans avoid clustering in certain physical environments. Few people live in regions that are too wet, too dry, too cold, or too mountainous. The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement is called the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">ecumene</span><i>. </i>Approximately three-fourths of the world's population lives in only 5% of Earth's surface.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Population Density:</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Density</span> can be defined as the number of people occupying an area of land. Geographers use arithmetic density, physiological density, and agricultural density to describe the distribution of people in comparison to available resources. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Arithmetic density</span>, or <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">population density</span>, is the total number of people divided by the total land area. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Physiological density</span> is the total number of people supported by a unit area of arable land, or land good for farming. The higher the physiological density, the greater the pressure that the people place on the land for food. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: yellow;">Agricultural density</span> is the ration of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land. This helps account for economic differences between regions.<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Article:</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_popchange.html">http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_popchange.html</a> </span></b><br />
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This article<b> </b>provides information about population growth and how people are distributed across the United States. It states that many states population grew rapidly between 1990 and 2000 although they did grow at different rates. Also, it is stated in the article that most Americans lived in the states with the highest populations and that only 3% of the total population lived in the 10 least populated states. <br />
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</b>Ryan Cooperhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05691924626107992008noreply@blogger.com2